Learning from a fly ’ s memory

نویسنده

  • Eric A. Davidson
چکیده

149–162 (2001). 7. DeLucia, E. et al. Science 284, 1177–1179 (1999). 8. Nadelhoffer, K. J. et al. Nature 398, 145–147 (1999). 9. Aber, J. et al. BioScience 48, 921–934 (1998). 10.Caspersen, J. P. et al. Science 290, 1148–1151 (2000). 11.Davidson, E. et al. Nature 408, 789–790 (2000). 12.Schiffman, P. & Johnson, W. Can. J. For. Res. 19, 69–78 (1989). restrictive temperature (30 7C) to the permissive one, the flies recover (as the mutant gene is switched off). Usefully, the gene can also be targeted to particular parts of the brain, and Dubnau et al. use fruitflies in which the mutant gene is expressed specifically in a region known as the mushroom body. This area in the fly brain has been implicated in short-term olfactory learning, as confirmed in genetargeting experiments. The mushroom body is a central, multisensory processing structure, consisting of thousands of tightly packed neurons. These neurons receive information from nerve cells outside the mushroom body, and transmit signals to brain regions that are involved in controlling movements (Fig. 1). As mentioned above, the shibire mutant affects the transmission of signals, rather than the receipt of information. So, if this mutant is targeted to the mushroom body, it will affect only output (that is, neurotransmission) from the mushroom body, and not input. This makes it possible to identify the stages of learning that require neurotransmitter release from the mushroom body. Dubnau et al. first shifted their mutant flies to the restrictive temperature, so impeding neurotransmission from the mushroom body, during memory acquisition (when they were learning to associate the odour with the shock) or during memory storage (the five minutes after training ended). Thirty minutes after training, the authors tested the flies for their recall of the association at the permissive temperature, when neurotransmission was normal. The flies showed normal retention of the memory. But when they were trained at the permissive temperature news and views

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تاریخ انتشار 2001